Wind Racers

1. V= d divided by t, V= 9 divided by 8.56 = 1.051 mps. The speed our wind racing was travelling was 1.051 mps.
2. Make the structure more evenly spaced.

Circuits in Science

This is a circuit which includes 2x Light bulbs, 1x switch that turns off and on, 2x Ammeters at two different points in the circuit.

 Here is the circuit,

Electrical Device

In the holidays I used a toaster in many different ways and today I will finding out how toasters use electricity.

Toaster: An electric toaster takes in electrical energy from the power outlet and converts it into heat, very efficiently. If you want your toast to cook quickly, you need a toaster that radiates as much heat as possible each second onto your bread.

Neutralization Experiment

This week in Science we have been doing experiments using Acids and Bases. The acid was Hydrochloric Acid and the Base was Sodium Hydroxide. For the first experiment we used Turmeric, Beetroot and Cranberry to determine if something was an Acid or Base. For the second experiment we used Universal Indicator to make the colours of the pH scale. Here is a Picture of both Experiments.

Oil of Wintergreen

What we attempted: To make white crystals that smell like deep heat.

What happened: Weigh 0.25 grams of salicylic acid into a 10-15 cm test tube. Add 2.0mL of methanol to the test tube and swirl until the solid dissolves. Slowly add 10 drops of sulfuric acid. Place the test tube in a hot water bath and secure by using utility clamp and heat for 15 minutes. Cool the test tube in running water. Smell the contents by wafting and record any observations.

What should it look like? White Crystals

What could we change and why? The amounts of the chemicals that we used.

Kiwifruit DNA

Kiwifruit DNA

Aim: To separate the DNA from the Kiwifruit.

Method:
1. Collect everything including, Ethanol, Salt, Detergent, Kiwifruit, Mortar and Pestle
2. Cut Kiwifruit in half
3. Bash the Kiwifruit in the Mortar and Pestle
4. Then strained the liquid from  the Kiwifruit into a plastic bag.
5. Then we squirted some detergent into the bag.
6. Then once mixed up add a few pinches of salt.
7. Then we put it in the Test Tube we added the same amount of Ethanol as Kiwifruit.

Results:

Human Reproduction

First Trimester:

The first trimester lasts three months. It begins with fertilization of the egg by a sperm in the fallopian tube that connects the uterus to the ovaries. The fertilized egg turns into a zygote, which is a single cell with a full set of chromosomes. The original zygote cell multiplies as it moves down the fallopian tube. The zygote turns into a morula when it contains 16 cells and a blastocyst when it is made of about 100 cells. The cells get to the uterine lining and implant there on about day six. There the blastocyst continues to grow as an embryo. The organs start to differentiate in the third week, limbs become apparent in the second month and at the end of the second month, sexual characteristics appear. The embryo turns into a fetus in the third month.

Second Trimester: 

After the first trimester, the fetus has almost all of its organs ready apart from the brain, nervous system and lungs. It spends the next three months developing bone structure, growing larger and maturing its brain and lungs. The baby starts to kick and move around during the second trimester.

Third Trimester:

The fetus perfects its brain structure during the last trimester. Its circulatory system and its lung system develop more during this time so the baby is ready to breathe air. The last trimester is also when the baby grows even larger and uses a lot of the mother's protein and calcium reserves to fuel this process. The mother's natural antibodies also pass to the fetus during the last month of pregnancy.

Stages of Birth:

Birth also has three stages. The first stage is when the mother goes into labor and the labor progresses until her cervix is fully dilated (10 cm in diameter). The amniotic sac also bursts (her water breaks) during the first stage. The second stage involves moving the baby down the birth canal and out of the body using very strong contractions of the uterus every two to three minutes. The third stage of birth is expelling the placenta after the baby is born.

Blood Vessels

Arteries are any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.

Capillaries are any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. A

  tube that has an internal diameter of hairlike thinness.

 Veins are any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood towards the heart.

Blood: Your blood is made up of 54% Plasma, 45% Red blood cells and 1% white blood cells and platelets.

Plasma is a straw coloured liquid that transports carbon dioxide from your cells to your lungs, nutrients from the small intestine to your cells and chemical messengers (hormones) to your cells.

Red blood cells contains a chemical called haemoglobin that carries oxygen around your body.

White blood cells are responsible for fighting infection and disease. the number of white blood cells increase when a person is fighting an infection or disease.

Platelets are tiny fragments of cells. they are reasonable for making blood clot when you cut your skin.

Microscope-Onion Skin Slide

In Science a few days ago we looked at an onion skin but this is how we prepared it.

1. Gathered all the things we needed.
2. Peeled off the onion skin and placed it on the slide
3. Then we added a drop Iodine
4. Finally we put a cover slip on top and put under the Microscope

Parts of a Microscope

Eye Piece Lens: Look at Object.

Objective Lens: Gathers Lights from specimen.

Stage: Holds Object

Light Source: See Object

Switch: Turn on Light

Base: Balance and Hold Structure

Neck: Connect Eye Piece Lens to rest of microscope

Stage Clip: Keep Object in place

Course focus knob: Adjust to focus

Fine focus knob: Adjust to focus a tiny amount

Parts of a Cell and the Jobs the organelles do!

Parts of a Cell:
Animal Cell- Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Nucleus.
Plant Cell- Large Vacuole, Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Chloroplast, Nucleus.

Jobs of the Organelle:
Cytoplasm- Cytoplasm contains molecules such as enzymes which are responsible for breaking down waste and also aid in metabolic activity. Cytoplasm is responsible for giving a cell its shape. It helps to fill out the cell and keeps organelles in their place.

Large Vacuole- Large central vacuole in plant cells is to provide structural support; however, it serves other functions such as protection, storage, growth and waste disposal.

Cell Wall- The cell wall is the protective, semi-permeable outer layer of a plant cell. A major function of the cell wall is to give the cell strength and structure, and to filter molecules that pass in and out of the cell.

Cell Membrane-The cell membrane is a thin flexible layer around the cells of all living things.. In all cells, the cell membrane separates the cytoplasm inside the cell from its surroundings.

Chloroplast- Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.

Nucleus- The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle.

Contraction

Aim: To observe contraction in gasses
Hypothesis: I thought the can would explode
Method: 1. Fill ice cream container with COLD water.
2. Place 50mL of water in the can
3. Set up Bunsen Bunsen Burner, heat proof mat ,tripod and gauze mat.
4. Heat the can until the steam is escaping from the top.
5. Quickly but carefully, invert the can as you plunge it into the container of water.
Observation: Hear; Bubbling and POP. See: The Can Contract
Explanation: Vibrates more which makes the water boil. The can contacts because when the particles go into cold water they stop moving and cool down really fast.

Distillation Experiment

Aim: To separate a solute into a solvent in a solution using distillation.

Hypothesis: I think the Coke will turn green.

Equipment: Coke, Conical Flask, Heatproof Mat, A Delivery Tube and Bung, Bunsen Burner, Tripod, Gauze Mat, Retort Stand, Boss Heat and Clamp, Boiling Tube.

Method:
1. Set up equipment as shown in the diagram.
2. Add approximately 50 mL of Coke to your conical flask
3. Light your Bunsen Burner. Open the air hole and gently push the Bunsen Burner under the tripod.
4. Heat the solution until most of the solvent has been evaporated. Turn off Bunsen Burner.

Results/Observations:
I saw the amount of coke slowly go down and drops of water going into the test tube.

Conclusion:
No because it did not turn green.

Discussion:
The coke boiled and caused steam which went through the delivery tube and into the test tube.

Evaluation:
I think it was I wouldn't do anything different next time.

Ping Pong Ball Experiment

The purpose of this blog post is to demonstrate the scientific method. This is part of the end of topic assessment.
Aim- To see how high the ball bounces at different heights.
Hypothesis- The higher drop = higher bounce.
Method-
1. Get all equipment
2. Set up holding ball at first height
3. Do first height 3 times
4. Hold ball at second height.
5. Drop and record 3 times
6. Hold ball at last height
7. Drop and record 3 times.

Heights:
25 cm
50 cm
75 cm

Discussion: The highest drop went into the highest bounce because it had more energy.

Conclusion: We proved our hypothesis because the higher we dropped it the higher it bounced.

Evaluation: Made sure we had a method and followed it.We had 3 heights and trials to make sure we had variety and range.

Methods

Today in science we are learning about methods and how to write methods. Our first method is how to make a sandwich.

How to make a sandwich:

1. Wash and dry your hands.

2. Get 2 slices of bread out of the packet and put it on the plate. 

3. Open the butter container

4. Grab a knife by the handle and put it in the butter.

5. Scoop some butter onto the sharp end of the knife

6. Spread the butter on one front side of one piece of bread

7. Then open the Marmite container

8. Put the sharp end of the knife into the marmite and scoop some on.

9. Spread the marmite onto the other front side piece of bread.

10. Put the butter side and marmite side of the bread together.

Why is it important to have a detailed method?

So people know how to do something

Science: What is a Scientist?

What do I think a Scientist?
I think a Scientist is someone who works in Science. They could be a Physicist, Biologist, Geologist. They could work in a Laboratory.

What I Found Out:
A person who is studying or has a pro knowledge of one or more natural or physical science. Agronomist specialises in soil and crops. An astronomer studies stars, planets and galaxy's. There are much more.

Researching a Scientist:
Albert Einstein, he was German. He won a Nobel Prize in Physics. 

Dinosaur post

On Wednesday for science we did this,
Mixed plaster of Paris with water in cups.
Then we added a toy dinosaur and waited two days.
Then today we Excauated with pestle and nails.

Bottle Rockets

Shape: The shape will help create less drag or wind resistance.



Fuel: It use's Water but it need's compressed air on top for it to actually work.


Important Features:
For a bottle rocket to work it needs things like a Nose, Fins, Water and Plastic Bottles.

My Bottle Rocket Drawing:

Flight - 1

Natural:
Bugs
Dragons
Bats
Dinosaurs
Birds

Man-Made:
Balloons
Hot Air Balloon
Jet
Aeroplane
Helicopter
Rocket
Paper Plane
Kite
Broomstick

Definition:

Lift: The air pressure is greater underneath the wing than above and the aircraft/bird flies.

Drag: The force than effects the speed of an aircraft/bird. It can slow it down. 

Thrust: The forward movement of an aircraft/bird.

Gravity/ Weight: The downward force of an object when it is above the earth.

Aerofoil: The shape of the wing on aeroplanes and some birds.

Bernoulli Effect: When a wing is in the shape of an aerofoil the pressure builds up underneath it and it begins to lift up the aeroplane.  

Science and the Early Maori

The early people of Aotearoa used science daily in their lives. They would use the natural

world to guide them. Science was used in:

Navigation

Food growing

Preserving food

Fishing

Hunting

Cooking

Building

In your project you need to investigate 4 sciences that were used by early Maori.

Select from the list above.

The project is to be on a blog.

Each topic must take up one - two pages

You must have headings of:

Name:

How was science involved:

Content: A definition, description, examples, pictures, and diagrams.

Subject 1.

Maori Cooking.

Before the arrival of Pakeha (fair skinned people), Maori had no metal or ceramic cooking

vessels. Methods of cookery were severely limited the only containers to hold liquid were

Hue (gourds) Wooden Bowls Or Vessels made from stone.

Maori understood the perfection of wet steam & smoke (Hangi). Maori could roast and

bake in the open fire and bake in hot ashes. They could grill on hot stones but had no means

of frying, nor did they bake or pot roast in dry heat. The diet was light on protein and

included no grain- food products as a carbohydrate base.

Maori were very highly skilled in the art of hunting, fishing and cultivation,

and possessed great ingenuity in creating Hakari (Banquets) from limited cooking

resources. With the introduction of foreign foods and cooking equipment, Maori

were quick to adapt to the ever changing needs of every day living taking into

consideration the wisdom to cherish and retain many foods and culinary methods of

the past. Yet within these limitations their cuisine was wide ranging, nutritious and

appetising. When the Pakeha (fair skinned) people introduced different foods and

equipment, Maori were quick to grasp their advantage. During the Colonial era Maori l

earned to use European foods and methods, and to adapt them to their own tastes,

at the same time retaining many of our favourite early methods of indigenous

foodstuffs and their health qualities. As we make comparisons of the past and

the cooking styles and techniques of today, this menu will bring together a

great taste of New Zealand.

Subject 2.

Fishing.

The ancestors of Māori would have arrived at these shores steeped in rich

fishing traditions and practice, and would have adapted this fishing culture

to local conditions, species, and materials. Matau (fish hooks) made by Māori are

simple, ingenious, and beautifully constructed. The huge variety of hooks represent

the many kinds of fish caught here as well as the many techniques used.

Pā kahawai are numerous. These are a result of Eastern Pacific-style

trolling lures being made here in local materials. The numbers of these that survive

also reflect the importance and availability of the fish species they caught

–voracious surface feeders such as kahawai and barracouta.

These trolling lures and hooks are made from wood, shell, and bone –

the fish being attracted to the flashes of movement and colour of the iridescent

pāua shell that lined the shank. The shank could be made out of whalebone or wood,

and after Pākehā (Europeans) arrived, iron. As an added luring device, feathers were

sometimes attached.

Subject 3

Building.

The earliest known dwellings constructed by the ancestors of Māori were adaptations

of the houses they had known in their former homelands in Polynesia. The houses in

their new country were only semi-permanent because the occupants moved frequently

in search of food and other supplies. They were often built in groups of 10 or

more, although each house was occupied by a single family group. Houses could be

round, rectangular or oval. They had a wooden frame covered with reeds such as

raupō (bulrush), toetoe or nīkau palm leaves, and sometimes other materials such

as bark. The earth floors were covered in tough flax mats, and the only furnishings

were beds made of finer matting laid over fern leaves.

Subject 4

Hunting

In the forest, birds were important as a supply of protein. Before the arrival of

Europeans, New Zealand had no land mammals to use for meat except the introduced

kurī (dog) and kiore (rat).

For many tribes, the main fowling season in autumn was a vital part of life.

A variety of birds were taken – kererū (New Zealand pigeons), kākā (parrots)

and tūī were particularly important. They were often preserved in their own fat.

Feathers of different birds were also used for adornment and making cloaks.

Navigation Techniques

Mars Rover Uses Maori navigation techniques.

The swells in the ocean can tell an experienced navigator a lot. Ocean waves

(swells) are formed by the wind, and there are some swells that are always on

the ocean, such as a main westerly swell. Swells can interact and form

interference patterns and can reflect off islands. Experienced seafarers can

identify many different swells in the ocean and deduce direction from them.

They will also know that an island is near.